Group Dimension

Freud’s structural model explains how the id, ego, and superego interact, shaping behaviour, decision-making, and group dynamics in learning environments.

Freud’s theory differentiates healthy mourning from pathological melancholia, offering insight into emotional processes and resilience in group learning.

The five stages—denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance—help educators recognise emotional responses and support group members through change.

Klein’s theory highlights how early relationships influence interpersonal dynamics, impacting trust, attachment, and collaboration in groups.

Bion’s model identifies unconscious patterns—dependency, fight/flight, pairing—that can disrupt or strengthen group performance in learning settings.

Karpman’s model of persecutor, rescuer, and victim roles helps educators recognise and shift unproductive group interactions.